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Bacterial small RNA
Bacterial small RNAs (sRNA) are small (50-250 nucleotide) non-coding RNA molecules produced by bacteria; they are highly structured and contain several stem-loops. Numerous sRNAs have been identified using both computational analysis and laboratory-based techniques such as Northern blotting, microarrays and RNA-Seq in a number of bacterial species including ''Escherichia coli'', the model pathogen ''Salmonella'', the nitrogen-fixing alpha-proteobacterium ''Sinorhizobium meliloti'', marine cyanobacteria, ''Francisella tularensis'' (the causative agent of tularaemia) and the plant pathogen ''Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae''.
In the 1960s, the abbreviation sRNA was used to refer to "soluble RNA," which is now known as transfer RNA or tRNA (for an example of the abbreviation used in this sense, see.)
==Origin==
Most bacterial sRNAs are encoded by free-standing genes located in the intergenic regions (IGR) between two known genes.〔〔 However, a class of sRNAs are shown to be derived from the 3'-UTR of mRNAs by independent transcription or nucleolytic cleavage.
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